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This is the online version of the first edition of the book Programming in Lua, a detailed and authoritative introduction to all aspects of Lua programming written by Lua's chief architect. The first edition was aimed at Lua 5.0. It remains largely relevant for later versions, but there are some differences. All corrections listed in the errata have been made in the online version.

Programming in Lua by Roberto Ierusalimschy Lua.org, December 2003 ISBN 8590379817

If you find this online version useful, please consider buying a copy of the current edition. This helps to support the Lua project.

Copyright © 2003–2004 Roberto Ierusalimschy. All rights reserved.
This online book is freely available for personal use only. It cannot be copied to other web sites or further distributed in any form.

Contents

• Cover
• Preface
• Audience
• Other Resources
• A Few Typographical Conventions
• About the Book
• Acknowledgments

• Part I · The Language

• 1 – Getting Started
  • 1.1 – Chunks
  • 1.2 – Global Variables
  • 1.3 – Some Lexical Conventions
  • 1.4 – The Stand-Alone Interpreter

• 2 – Types and Values
  • 2.1 – Nil
  • 2.2 – Booleans
  • 2.3 – Numbers
  • 2.4 – Strings
  • 2.5 – Tables
  • 2.6 – Functions
  • 2.7 – Userdata and Threads

• 3 – Expressions
  • 3.1 – Arithmetic Operators
  • 3.2 – Relational Operators
  • 3.3 – Logical Operators
  • 3.4 – Concatenation
  • 3.5 – Precedence
  • 3.6 – Table Constructors

• 4 – Statements
  • 4.1 – Assignment
  • 4.2 – Local Variables and Blocks
  • 4.3 – Control Structures
    • 4.3.1 – if then else
    • 4.3.2 – while
    • 4.3.3 – repeat
    • 4.3.4 – Numeric for
    • 4.3.5 – Generic for
  • 4.4 – break and return

• 5 – Functions
  • 5.1 – Multiple Results
  • 5.2 – Variable Number of Arguments
  • 5.3 – Named Arguments

• 6 – More about Functions
  • 6.1 – Closures
  • 6.2 – Non-Global Functions
  • 6.3 – Proper Tail Calls

• 7 – Iterators and the Generic for
  • 7.1 – Iterators and Closures
  • 7.2 – The Semantics of the Generic for
  • 7.3 – Stateless Iterators
  • 7.4 – Iterators with Complex State
  • 7.5 – True Iterators

• 8 – Compilation, Execution, and Errors
  • 8.1 – The require Function
  • 8.2 – C Packages
  • 8.3 – Errors
  • 8.4 – Error Handling and Exceptions
  • 8.5 – Error Messages and Tracebacks

• 9 – Coroutines
  • 9.1 – Coroutine Basics
  • 9.2 – Pipes and Filters
  • 9.3 – Coroutines as Iterators
  • 9.4 – Non-Preemptive Multithreading

• 10 – Complete Examples
  • 10.1 – Data Description
  • 10.2 – Markov Chain Algorithm

• Part II · Tables and Objects

• 11 – Data Structures
  • 11.1 – Arrays
  • 11.2 – Matrices and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
  • 11.3 – Linked Lists
  • 11.4 – Queues and Double Queues
  • 11.5 – Sets and Bags
  • 11.6 – String Buffers

• 12 – Data Files and Persistence
  • 12.1 – Serialization
    • 12.1.1 – Saving Tables without Cycles
    • 12.1.2 – Saving Tables with Cycles

• 13 – Metatables and Metamethods
  • 13.1 – Arithmetic Metamethods
  • 13.2 – Relational Metamethods
  • 13.3 – Library-Defined Metamethods
  • 13.4 – Table-Access Metamethods
    • 13.4.1 – The __index Metamethod
    • 13.4.2 – The __newindex Metamethod
    • 13.4.3 – Tables with Default Values
    • 13.4.4 – Tracking Table Accesses
    • 13.4.5 – Read-Only Tables

• 14 – The Environment
  • 14.1 – Accessing Global Variables with Dynamic Names
  • 14.2 – Declaring Global Variables
  • 14.3 – Non-Global Environments

• 15 – Packages
  • 15.1 – The Basic Approach
  • 15.2 – Privacy
  • 15.3 – Packages and Files
  • 15.4 – Using the Global Table
  • 15.5 – Other Facilities

• 16 – Object-Oriented Programming
  • 16.1 – Classes
  • 16.2 – Inheritance
  • 16.3 – Multiple Inheritance
  • 16.4 – Privacy
  • 16.5 – The Single-Method Approach

• 17 – Weak Tables
  • 17.1 – Memoize Functions
  • 17.2 – Object Attributes
  • 17.3 – Revisiting Tables with Default Values

• Part III · The Standard Libraries

• 18 – The Mathematical Library

• 19 – The Table Library
  • 19.1 – Array Size
  • 19.2 – Insert and Remove
  • 19.3 – Sort

• 20 – The String Library
  • 20.1 – Pattern-Matching Functions
  • 20.2 – Patterns
  • 20.3 – Captures
  • 20.4 – Tricks of the Trade

• 21 – The I/O Library
  • 21.1 – The Simple I/O Model
  • 21.2 – The Complete I/O Model
    • 21.2.1 – A Small Performance Trick
    • 21.2.2 – Binary Files
  • 21.3 – Other Operations on Files

• 22 – The Operating System Library
  • 22.1 – Date and Time
  • 22.2 – Other System Calls

• 23 – The Debug Library
  • 23.1 – Introspective Facilities
    • 23.1.1 – Accessing Local Variables
    • 23.1.2 – Accessing Upvalues
  • 23.2 – Hooks
  • 23.3 – Profiles

• Part IV · The C API

• 24 – An Overview of the C API
  • 24.1 – A First Example
  • 24.2 – The Stack
    • 24.2.1 – Pushing Elements
    • 24.2.2 – Querying Elements
    • 24.2.3 – Other Stack Operations
  • 24.3 – Error Handling with the C API
    • 24.3.1 – Error Handling in Application Code
    • 24.3.2 – Error Handling in Library Code

• 25 – Extending your Application
  • 25.1 – Table Manipulation
  • 25.2 – Calling Lua Functions
  • 25.3 – A Generic Call Function

• 26 – Calling C from Lua
  • 26.1 – C Functions
  • 26.2 – C Libraries

• 27 – Techniques for Writing C Functions
  • 27.1 – Array Manipulation
  • 27.2 – String Manipulation
  • 27.3 – Storing State in C Functions
    • 27.3.1 – The Registry
    • 27.3.2 – References
    • 27.3.3 – Upvalues

• 28 – User-Defined Types in C
  • 28.1 – Userdata
  • 28.2 – Metatables
  • 28.3 – Object-Oriented Access
  • 28.4 – Array Access
  • 28.5 – Light Userdata

• 29 – Managing Resources
  • 29.1 – A Directory Iterator
  • 29.2 – An XML Parser

Last update: Fri Jul 3 12:43:25 UTC 2020